THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY SPACE OBJECTS FROM THE HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE – SELECTED ASPECTS
2023, 97, Numer 1
Data publikacji
Model publikowania
Rodzaj licencji
Dziedzina
Dyscyplina
Klasyfikacja
Język publikacji
Abstrakt
In spite of the Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects being in force for a long time, it has not as yet been analysed from a human rights perspective. While at the beginning of the space age activities in space were associated only with states, the progress on humankind in the conquest of space has significantly changed that. Nowadays, the role of individuals in space operations is growing. The well-established human rights law on Earth also needs to be reflected in regulations concerning outer space. This paper assesses selected aspects of the Convention from the human rights perspective. The analysis encompasses the definition of “damage” along with the possible amount of compensation due to individuals and the different aspects of procedural guarantees available for them. The paper presents two possible routes for obtaining compensation: one through diplomatic channels and another using national channels of launching states. This study offers a de lege ferenda proposal to appeal to state parties to introduce internal regulations aimed at avoiding human rights infringements. Domestic law systems may create legal provisions that may fill the gaps caused by the Convention’s limitations, e.g. by introducing an appropriate insurance system for space passengers.
Słowa kluczowe:
Bibliografia
Buyse A., Lost and Regained? Restitution as a Remedy for Human Rights Violations in the Context of International Law, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20200709023251/https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/32809/Restitution.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed 21.02.2023)
Christol C., Human Rights in Outer Space, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). Paper No. 68-910-1967, https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-910
Cohen A., Cosmos 954 and the International Law of Satellite Accidents, ‘Yale Journal of International Law’ 1984, Vol. 10, https://openyls.law.yale.edu/handle/20.500.13051/6129
Couston M., Droit spatial, Paris 2014
Darsey M., To the Stars, Despite Adversity: Liability for the Columbia Space Shuttle Tragedy, ‘Houston Law Review’ 2005, Vol. 5
Depsey P. (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Space Law, New York 2017
Doo Hwan K., Global Issues Surrounding Outer Space Law and Policy, Hershey 2021
Freeland S., Jakhu R., The Intersection Between Space Law and International Human Rights Law (in:) R. Jakhu, P. Depsey (eds), Routledge Handbook of Space Law, New York 2017
Gaubert C., Insurance in the Context of space activities, (in:) F. von der Dunk, F. Tronchetti (eds), Handbook of Space Law, Cheltenham 2015
Harris D., O’Boyle M., Bates E., Buckley C., Law of the European Convention on Human Rights (2nd edition), New York 2009
Hobe S., Legal Aspects of Space Tourism, ‘Nebraska Law Review’ 2007, Vol. 86(2), https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nlr/vol86/iss2/6
Hobe S., Schimdt-Tedd B., Schrogl K-U. (eds), Cologne Commentary on Space Law. Volume II, Köln 2013
Hofmański P., Art. 13, (in:) L. Garlicki (ed.), Konwencja o ochronie praw człowieka i podstawowych wolności, Vol. I, Warsaw 2010
Kerrest A., Thro C., Liability for Damage Caused by Space Activities, (in:) R. Jakhu, P. Depsey (eds), Routledge Handbook of Space Law, New York 2017
Kobielski P., Budowa tarczy antyrakietowej w Polsce a demilitaryzacja przestrzeni kosmicznej, (in:) Z. Galicki, T. Kamiński, K. Myszona-Kostrzewa (eds), Wykorzystanie przestrzeni kosmicznej – Świat-Europa- Polska, Warsaw 2010
Kobielski P., Diplomatic Protection in Practice of European Court of Human Rights, ‘Problemy Wspó łczesnego Prawa Mię dzynarodowego, Europejskiego i Poró wnawczego’ 2015, Vol. XIII
Polkowska M., Prawo kosmiczne w obliczu nowych problemów współczesności, Warszawa 2011
Potter M.A., Human Rights in the Space Age: an International and Legal Political Analysis, ‘The Journal of Law & Technology’ 1989, Vol. 4
Ryzhenko I., Halahan O., Types of Liability for Illegal Space Activities, ‘Advanced Space Law’ 2019, Vol. 3, https://doi.org/10.29202/asl/2019/3/8
Schmalenbach K., Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, (in:) P. Gailhofer et al. (eds), Corporate Liability for Transboundary Environmental Harm, Springer, Cham 2023, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13264-3_11
Smith L.J., Doldrina C., Jurisdiction and Applicable Law in Cases of Damage from Space in Europe—The Advent of the Most Suitable Choice—Rome II, ‘Acta Astronautica’ 2010, Vol. 66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.05.008
Viikari L., Environmental Aspects of Space Activities, (in:) F. von der Dunk, F. Tronchetti (eds), Handbook of Space Law, Cheltenham 2015
Zhao Y., The 1972 Liability Convention: Time for Revision?, ‘Space Policy’ 2004, No. 20
Inne artykuły z tego numeru
- Open accessliability of statesresponsibility of statesLiability Conventionouter spacespace objects
FROM THE SECTORAL ANGLE TO THE GENERAL RULES OR HOW THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY SPACE OBJECTS INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY?
- Open accessimplementationsoft lawspace lawdomestic law
IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFT LAW RELATING TO OUTER SPACE INTO DOMESTIC LAW
- Open accesssatellite technologiessatellite navigation applicationsinternational space lawinternational liabilityspace objects
SOME LEGAL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY MALFUNCTIONING OF SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
Podobne publikacje
- Open accessliability of statesresponsibility of statesLiability Conventionouter spacespace objects
FROM THE SECTORAL ANGLE TO THE GENERAL RULES OR HOW THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY SPACE OBJECTS INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY?
- Open accessimplementationsoft lawspace lawdomestic law
IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFT LAW RELATING TO OUTER SPACE INTO DOMESTIC LAW
- Open accesssatellite technologiessatellite navigation applicationsinternational space lawinternational liabilityspace objects
SOME LEGAL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY MALFUNCTIONING OF SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS